How should you handle a pilot who says they do not understand the clearance?

• A. Repeat the clearance using standard phraseology, and if needed, simplify and confirm understanding.
• B. Repeat once then proceed with the next instruction.
• C. Ignore and continue with traffic.
• D. Ask the pilot to land instead.

Answer: (A)

When a pilot says they do not understand the clearance, the priority is to ensure clear, mutual understanding through precise communication. Start by repeating the clearance exactly as issued, using standard phraseology so the pilot hears the same information again in a clear form. If confusion persists, simplify the wording and break it into smaller parts, explaining it in plain terms but staying within standard ATC language. Then obtain explicit confirmation from the pilot, typically through a readback or a simple yes/no understanding.

Only after you have a clear answer from the pilot should you move on with additional instructions. This approach prevents misinterpretation that could lead to unsafe actions. Ignoring the pilot’s confusion, proceeding with the next instruction, or asking them to land in that moment would create unnecessary risk.